Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Pages 40-59 , March 2005

The development and performance validation of a tool to assess patient anticoagulation knowledge

  • Amber L. Briggs, Pharm.D.

      Affiliations

    • Soldotna Professional Pharmacy, Soldotna, AK 99669, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
    • During the completion of this project and development of the manuscript, the author was associated with Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downer's Grove, IL, and Dominick's Pharmacy, Calumet City, IL.
  • ,
  • Terrence R. Jackson, Pharm.D., M.Sc., BCSH

      Affiliations

    • University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
  • ,
  • Susan Bruce, Pharm.D., BCPS

      Affiliations

    • Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY, USA
  • ,
  • Nancy L. Shapiro, Pharm.D., BCPS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, USA

References 

  1. Fihn SD, McDonell M, Martin D, et al. Risk factors for complications of chronic anticoagulation: a multicenter study Warfarin Optimized Outpatient Follow-up Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:511–520
  2. Ansell JE, Hirsh JJ, Dalen J, et al. Managing oral anticoagulant therapy. Chest. 2001;119:22S–38S
  3. Ansell J. Anticoagulation management as a risk factor for adverse events: grounds for improvement. Thrombolysis. 1998;5(suppl):S13–S18
  4. Van der Meer FJ, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP, Briet E. Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. An analysis of risk factors. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1557–1562
  5. Landefeld CS, Beyth RJ. Anticoagulant-related bleeding; clinical epidemiology, prediction and prevention. Am J Med. 1993;95:315–328
  6. Conte RR, Kehoe WA, Nielson N, Lodhia H. Nine-year experience with a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1986;43:2460–2464
  7. Chiquette E, Amato MG, Bussey HI. Comparison of an anticoagulation clinic with usual medical care: anticoagulation control, patient outcomes, and health care costs. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1641–1647
  8. Lodwick AD, Sajbel TA. Patient and physician satisfaction with a pharmacist managed anticoagulation clinic: implications for managed care organizations. Manag Care. 2000;9:47–50
  9. Ansell JE, Buttaro ML, Thomas OV, Knowlton CH. Consensus guidelines for coordinated outpatient oral anticoagulation therapy management. Anticoagulation Guidelines Task Force. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31:604–615
  10. Wilt VM, Gums JG, Ahmed OI, Moore LM. Outcome analysis of a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation service. Pharmacotherapy. 1995;15:732–739
  11. Radley AS, Hall J, Farrow M, Carey PJ. Evaluation of anticoagulation control in a pharmacist operated anticoagulant clinic. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:545–547
  12. Tang EO, Lai CS, Lee KK, Wong RS, Cheng G, Chan TY. Relationship between patients' warfarin knowledge and anticoagulation control. Ann Pharmacother. 2003;37:34–39
  13. Ansell J, Hirsh J, Poller L, Bussey H, Jacobson A, Hylek E. The pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists. The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126:204S–233S
  14. Fitzgerald JT, Funnell MM, Hess GE, et al. The reliability and validity of a brief diabetes knowledge test. Diabetes Care. 1998;5:706–710
  15. Speight J, Bradley C. The ADKnowl: identifying knowledge deficits in diabetes care. Diabet Med. 2001;18:626–633
  16. Knowlton CH, Thomas OV, Williamson A, et al. Establishing community pharmacy-based anticoagulation education and monitoring programs. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1999;39:368–374
  17. Wiser TH, Kase B, Kanmaz TJ. Pharmacy managed anticoagulation services. US Pharmacist. 1997;HS27–HS40
  18. Horton JD, Bushwick BM. Warfarin therapy: evolving strategies in anticoagulation. Am Fam Phys. 1999;59:635–646
  19. McCurdy M. Oral anticoagulation monitoring in a community pharmacy. Am Pharm. 1993;NS33:61–70
  20. Erban S. Initiation of warfarin therapy; recommendations and clinical pearls. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 1999;7:145–148
  21. Kroner BA. Anticoagulation clinic in the VA Pittsburgh healthcare system. Pharm Pract Manag Q. 1998;18:17–33
  22. Downing SM. Assessment of knowledge with written test forms. In:  Norman GR,  van der Vleuten CPM,  Newble DI editor. International Handbook of Research in Medical Education. Vol 2:Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2002;p. 647–672
  23. Haladyna TM. Developing and Validating Multiple-choice Test Items. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1994;
  24. Jackson TR, Draugalis JR, Smith EV, Zachry WM, Slack MK. Hierarchical structure evaluation of Bloom's Taxonomy and Marzano's New Taxonomy using Rasch analysis (abstract). Am J Pharm Educ. 2002;66:108S
  25. Draugalis JR, Jackson TR. Objective curricular evaluation: applying the Rasch model to a cumulative examination. Am J Pharm Educ. 2004;68:Article 35
  26. Wright BD, Stone MH. Designing Tests. Best Test Design: Rasch Measurement. Chicago, Ill: Mesa Press; 1979;129–140
  27. Haladyna TM, Downing SM, Rodriguez MC. A review of multiple-choice item-writing guidelines for classroom assessment. Appl Meas Educ. 2002;15:309–334
  28. Case SM, Swanson DB. Constructing Written Test Questions for the Basic and Clinical Sciences. Philadelphia, Pa: National Board of Medical Examiners; 1996;
  29. Marzano RJ. Designing a New Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, Inc.; 2001;
  30. Rasch G. Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Educational Research. Reprinted, University of Chicago Press; 1980;
  31. Wright BD, Stone MH. The Measurement Model. Best Test Design: Rasch Measurement. Chicago, Ill: Mesa Press; 1979;1–24
  32. Messick S. Validity. In:  Linn RL editors. Educational Measurement. New York, NY: American Council on Education and Macmillan; 1989;p. 13–104
  33. Downing SM. Evaluation Methods: what do we know? Construct-irrelevant variance and flawed test questions: do multiple-choice item-writing principles make any difference? Acad Med. 202;77:S103–S104.
  34. Smith EV. Evidence for the reliability of measures and validity of measure interpretation: a Rasch measurement perspective. J Appl Meas. 2001;2:281–311
  35. Jackson TR, Draugalis JR, Slack MK, Zachry WM, D'Agostino J. Validation of authentic performance assessment: a process suited for Rasch modeling. Am J Pharm Educ. 2002;66:233–242
  36. Linacre JM. Sample size and item calibration stability. Rasch Meas Trans. 1994;7:328
  37. Bond TG, Fox CM. Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2001;
  38. Linacre JM, Wright BD. Winsteps. Rasch Analysis Computer Program. Chicago, Ill: Mesa Press; 2003;
  39. Wilson FL, Racine E, Tekieli V, Williams B. Literacy, readability and cultural barriers: critical factors to consider when educating older African Americans about anticoagulation therapy. J Clin Nurs. 2003;12:275–282
  40. Estrada CA, Martin-Hyriewicz M, Peek BT, Collins C, Byrd JC. Literacy and numeracy skills and anticoagulation control. Am J Med Sci. 2004;328:88–93
  41. Downing SM. Test item development: validity evidence from quality assurance procedures. Appl Meas Educ. 1997;10:61–82

PII: S1551-7411(04)00003-8

doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2004.12.002

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Pages 40-59 , March 2005