TV commercials for prescription drugs: A discourse analytic perspective

References 

1. Nelson P. Advertising as information. J Polit Econ. 1974;82:729–753
2. Comanor WS, Wilson TA. The effect of advertising on competition: a survey. J Econ Lit. 1979;17:473–476
3. Cook G. The Discourse of Advertising. 2nd ed.. New York: Routledge; 2001;
4. Geis M. The Language of Television Advertising. New York: Academic Press; 1982;
5. Wason PC, Johnson-Laird P. Psychology of Reasoning: Form and Content. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1972;
6. Grafton-Small R, Linstead S. Advertisements as artifacts: everyday understanding and the creative consumer. Int J Advert. 1989;8:205–218
7. Sperber D, Wilson D. Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1986;
8. Brown G, Yule G. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983;
9. Proctor S, Proctor T, Papasolomon-Doukakis I. A post-modern perspective on advertisements and their analysis. J Mark Commun. 2002;8:31–44
10. In:  Goodman S,  Graddol D editor. Redesigning English: New Texts, New Identities. New York: Routledge; 1996;
11. Terzian TV. Direct to consumer prescription drug advertising. Am J Law Med. 1999;25:149–167
    • MEDLINE
12. Ostrove N. Statement before the Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce, and Tourism Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. <http://www.hhs.gov/asl/testify/t010724.html>July 24, 2001;Accessed 12.18.04
13. Federal Register: Notices. May 16, 2002; 67, No 95.
14. Ingram RA. Some comments on direct-to-consumer advertising. J Pharm Mark Manage. 1992;7:67–74
    • CrossRef
15. Peyrot M, Alperstein NM, Van Doren D, Poli LG. Direct-to-consumer ads can influence behavior: advertising increases consumer knowledge and prescription drug requests. Mark Health Serv. 1998;18:26–32
    • MEDLINE
16. Holmer AF. Direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising builds bridges between patients and physicians. JAMA. 1999;281:380–382
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
17. Bell RA, Wilkes MS, Kravitz RL. The educational value of consumer-targeted prescription drug print advertising. J Fam Pract. 2000;49:1092–1098
    • MEDLINE
18. Slaughter E, Schumacher M. Prevention's International Survey on Wellness and Consumer Reactions to DTC Advertising of Rx Drugs. Allentown, Pa: Rodale Press; 2000/2001;
19. Moberg MA, Wood JW, Dorfman HL. Surfing the Net in shallow waters: product liability concerns and advertising on the Internet. Food Drug Law J. 1998;53:213–224
    • MEDLINE
20. Aikin KJ, Swasy JL, Braman AC. Patient and physician attitudes and behaviors associated with DTC promotion of prescription drugs—summary of FDA survey research results. Final report. FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 2004.
21. Perri M, Shinde S, Banavali R. The past, present and future of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Clin Ther. 1999;21:1798–1811
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (1206 KB)
    • CrossRef
22. Farrell JM. The ethical implications of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising. Philos Public Policy Q. 2003;23:20–23
23. DDMAC untitled letter dated April 20, 1998 to Glaxo Wellcome concerning Zyban (bupropion HCl) sustained-release tablets. <http://www.fda.gov/cder/warn>. Accessed 11.30.04.
24. DDMAC untitled letter dated March 20, 1998 to Alcon Laboratories concerning Patanol (olopatadine hydrochlorise opthalmic solution) 0.1%. <http://www.fda.gov/cder/warn>. Accessed 11.30.04.
25. DDMAC untitled letter dated October 29, 2004 to Abbott Laboratories concerning Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) capsules and oral suspension. <http://www.fda.gov/cder/warn>. Accessed 12.14.04.
26. Baylor-Henry M, Drezin NA. Regulation of prescription drug promotion: direct-to-consumer advertising. Clin Ther. 1998;20:C86–C95
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (725 KB)
    • CrossRef
27. Scheineson M. Outline of FDA/FTC marketing rules. Paper presented at the DIA (Drug Information Association) “Marketing of Pharmaceuticals” meeting. New York; February 24-25, 2003.
28. ACP-ASIM position paper: direct to consumer advertising for prescription drugs. October 9, 1998.
29. AMA docket, December 1, 2003, Division of Dockets Management [HFA-305], Food and Drug Administration. <http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/dec03/120303/03N-0344-emc-000020-01.pdf>. Accessed 12.10.04.
30. Coulter A. Evidence based patient information. BMJ. 1998;317:225–226
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
31. Morris L, Ruffner M, Klimberg R. Warning disclosures for prescription drugs. J Advert Res. 1987;25:25–32
32. Morris LA, Mazis MB, Brinberg D. Risk disclosures in televised prescription drug advertising to consumers. J Public Policy Market. 1989;8:64–80
33. Kopp SW, Bang HK. Benefit and risk information in prescription drug advertising: review of empirical studies and marketing implications. Health Mark Q. 2000;17:39–56
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
34. Kaphingst KA, DeJong W. The educational potential of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Health Aff. 2004;23:143–150
35. Glinert LH, Schommer J. Television advertisement format and the provision of risk information about prescription drug products. Res Soc Adm Pharm; 1:185–210.
36. Roth M. Patterns in direct-to-consumer prescription drug print advertising and their public policy implications. J Public Policy Mark. 1996;15:63–75
37. Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Tremmel J, Welch HG. Direct-to-consumer advertisements for prescription drugs: what are Americans being sold?. Lancet. 2001;358:1141–1146
    • Abstract
    • Full Text
    • Full-Text PDF (92 KB)
    • CrossRef
38. Schwartz L, Woloshin S. The case for letting information speak for itself. Eff Clin Pract. 2001;4:76–79
    • MEDLINE
39. FDA public meeting: direct-to-consumer promotion. Washington DC <http://www.fda.gov/cder/ddmac/DTCmeeting2003_presentations.html>September 22-23, 2003;Accessed 12.10.04
40. Kaphingst KA. Examining the Educational Potential of Direct-to-consumer Prescription Drug Advertising. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health; 2002;
41. Kaphingst KA, DeJong W, Rudd RE, Daltroy LH. A content analysis of direct-to-consumer television prescription drug advertisements. J Health Commun. 2004; 515–528.
42. Sumpradit N, Ascione FJ, Bagozzi RP. A cross-media content analysis of motivational themes in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Clin Ther. 2004;26:135–154
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (1888 KB)
    • CrossRef
43. Brown G, Yule G. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983;
44. Jørgensen MW, Phillips LJ. Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage; 2002;
45. Potter J. Discourse analysis as a way of analysing naturally occurring talk. In:  Silverman D editors. Qualitative Analysis: Issues of Theory and Method. 2nd ed.. London: Sage; 2004;p. 200–221
46. In:  Wodak R,  Meyer M editor. Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage; 2001;
47. Levinson SC. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983;
48. Hymes DH. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: an Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1974;
49. In:  Gumperz JJ editors. Language and Social Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1982;
50. In:  Tannen D editors. Framing in Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993;
51. Silverman D. Harvey Sacks: Social Science and Conversation Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998;
52. Goffman I. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1981;
53. Schiffrin D. “Speaking for another” in sociolinguistic interviews: alignment, identities and frames. In:  Tannen D editors. Framing in Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993;p. 231–263
54. Chafe W. Creativity in verbalization and its implications for the nature of stored knowledge. In:  Freedle R editors. Discourse Production and Comprehension. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp; 1977;p. 41–55
55. Tannen D. What's in a frame? Surface evidence for underlying expectations. In:  Tannen D editors. Framing in Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993;p. 14–56
56. Bakhtin M. The Dialogical Imagination. Austin, Tex: University of Texas Press; 1981;
57. Meinhof U. From the street to the screen: Breadline Britain and the semiotics of poverty. In:  Meinhof U,  Richardson K editor. Text, Discourse and Context: Representations of Poverty in Britain. New York: Longman; 1994;p. 67–92
58. Van Leeuwen T, Kress G. Reading Images. London: Routledge; 1996;
59. Van Leeuwen T. Speech, Music, Sound. London: Macmillan; 1999;
60. McQuarrie EF, Mick DG. Visual rhetoric in advertising: text-interpretive, experimental, and reader-response analyses. J Consum Res. 1999;26:37–53
61. Stern B. Literary criticism and consumer research: overview and illustrative analysis. J Consum Res. 1989;16:322–334
62. Goldman R. Reading Advertisements Socially. London: Routledge; 1992;
63. Phillips BJ, McQuarrie EF. Beyond visual metaphor: a new typology of visual rhetoric in advertising. Mark Theory. 2004;4:113–136
64. Foucault M. The Archaeology of Knowledge. London: Tavistock; 1972;
65. Fairclough N. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge, Mass: Polity Press; 1992;
66. Pennycook A. Incommensurable discourses. Appl Linguist. 1994;15/2:112–138
67. Stubbs M. Text and Corpus Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell; 1996;
68. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage; 1998;
69. Bartlett D, Payne S. Grounded theory—its basis, rationale and procedures. In:  McKenzie G,  Powell J,  Usher R editor. Understanding Social Research: Perspectives on Methodology and Practice. London: Falmer Press; 1997;p. 173–195
70. Bennett A. Interruptions and the interpretation of conversation. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley; 1978:557-575.
71. Tannen D. Interpreting interruption in conversation. Papers from the 25th annual regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Chicago; 1989:266-287.
72. Perkins M. Modal Expressions in English. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp; 1983;
73. Bybee J, Fleischman S. Modality in grammar and discourse: an introductory essay. In:  Bybee J,  Fleischman S editor. Modality in Grammar and Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 1995;p. 1–14
74. Nwogu KN. Structure of science popularizations: a genre-analysis approach to the schema of popularized medical texts. Engl Special Purp. 1991;10:111–124
75. Myers GA. Textbooks and the sociology of scientific knowledge. Engl Special Purp. 1992;11:3–18
76. Sweetser E. From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990;
77. Blum-Kulka S, Olshtain E. Requests and apologies: a cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP). Appl Linguist. 1984;5:196–213
78. Schank RC, Abelson RP. Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1977;
79. Noordman LGM, Vonk W. Readers' knowledge and the control of inferences in reading. Language Cogn Process. 1992;7:373–391
80. Searle J. Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1969;
81. Grimshaw A. Code-switching or code-mixing: apparent anomalies in semi-formal registers. In:  Slobin D,  Gerhardt J,  Kyratzis A,  Guo G editor. Social Interaction, Social Context and Language: Studies Presented to Susan Ervin-Tripp. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1996;p. 83–98
82. Brown S. Post-modern Marketing. London: Routledge; 1995;
83. Levi-Strauss C. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1966;
84. Day R. Cognitive accessibility of prescription drug information. Presentation to the FDA Public Meeting: Direct-to-consumer Promotion. Washington, DC; September 22-23, 2003.
85. Davis K. Power Under the Microscope. Dordrecht: Foris; 1988;
86. FDA . Guidance for Industry, Consumer-directed Broadcast Advertisements. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, DDMAC; 1999;
87. Ley P. Communicating With Patients. London: Croom Helm; 1998;