Consumption and costs of antihypertensive drugs in Mexico: Are diuretic agents a standing technological trajectory?

Altagracia-Martínez, M.; Kravzov-Jinich, J.; Guadarrama-Atrizco, M.D.; Rubio-Poo, C.; Wertheimer, A.I.

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2005.10.001

« Previous Next »Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Pages 22-37, March 2006

Consumption and costs of antihypertensive drugs in Mexico: Are diuretic agents a standing technological trajectory?

M. Altagracia-Martínez, Ph.D.
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #160 Depto. 601-A, Col. ExHacienda de Coapa, 04850 México DF, México
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 55 5483 7098/5603 0535; fax: +52 55 5603 0535.
J. Kravzov-Jinich, Ph.D.
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #160 Depto. 601-A, Col. ExHacienda de Coapa, 04850 México DF, México
M.D. Guadarrama-Atrizco, M.S.
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso #160 Depto. 601-A, Col. ExHacienda de Coapa, 04850 México DF, México
C. Rubio-Poo, Ph.D.
- FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
A.I. Wertheimer, Ph.D.
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Received 9 August 2005; received in revised form 21 October 2005; accepted 26 October 2005.

Abstract

Background

Little is known about hypertension medication consumption and costs in Mexico. Hypertension control is a pharmacological challenge and a public health issue.

Objective

(a) To compare drug sales, number of written prescriptions, and monthly treatment costs among 5 classes of antihypertensive drugs and (b) to analyze diuretic drug sales and prescriptions to determine whether these antihypertensive agents represent an established technological trajectory.

Methods

A retrospective time series data study from 1999 to 2003.

Data sources used were International Marketing Services of Mexico drug sales and the Mexico Prescription Audit databases. The 5 different classes of antihypertensive drugs were accommodated into 4 main technological trajectories according to their main biological mechanisms of action. Each technological trajectory was assessed using consumption and prescription data. Daily defined dose was used to calculate drug treatment costs.

Results

The market for cardiovascular agents is one of the largest, and in 2003 accounted for a value market share of US $59 billion and a unit share of 40.7 million. Among cardiovascular agents, antihypertensive drugs made up a large percentage of market shares. Calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors I had the biggest share value of the total cardiovascular market. Amlodipine had the highest share among calcium channel blockers, and enalapril and captopril had the largest share among angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors I. The top-selling diuretic drug was furosemide. The trend in number of prescriptions was parallel to that in sales. The diuretic spinorolactone was the most expensive drug treatment (US $59). Treatment with spinorolactone might represent 47% of the income of a Mexican family if their household income was close to minimum wage (US $124).

Conclusions

The most effective and least expensive drugs—diuretics—had the smallest market share of all antihypertensive agents in Mexico. Nevertheless, diuretic agents are still in use and kept over time a steady market share both in value and in units.

Keywords: Antihypertensive, Mexico, Technological trajectories, Costs