Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Volume 5, Issue 4 , Pages 327-336 , December 2009

Taking the lead: Community pharmacists' perception of their role potential within the primary care team

  • Roy T. Dobson, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7 N 5C9, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 306 966 6363; fax: +1 306 966 6377.
    • ,
  • Jeff G. Taylor, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7 N 5C9, Canada
    • ,
  • Carol J. Henry, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7 N 5C9, Canada
    • ,
  • Jean Lachaine, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
    • ,
  • Gordon A. Zello, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7 N 5C9, Canada
    • ,
  • David L. Keegan, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
    • ,
  • Dorothy A. Forbes, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

References 

  1. Blair K, Leners D. Pharmacists' attitudes toward advanced practice nurses' prescription authority. Nursing Connections. 2000;13(2):35–41
  2. Wagner EH. The role of patient care teams in chronic disease management. Br Med J. 2000;320:569–572
  3. Stewart Moira, Brown Judith Belle, Harris Stewart B, Reid Graham J. Teamwork. and Team Building: A Report to the Ontario Family Health Network (OFHN), Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care. London, Ontario: Thames Valley Family Practice Research Unit; 2003;
  4. Hutchison B, Abelson J, Lavis J. Primary care in Canada: so much innovation, so little change. Health Aff. 2001;20(3):116–131
  5. Chen Timothy F, Crampton M, Krass I, Benrimoj Shalom I. Collaboration between community pharmacists and GPs in innovative clinical services—a conceptual model. J Soc Adm Pharm. 1999;16(3/4):134–144
  6. Gilbert L. Pharmacist and nurse: a team approach towards primary health care or a convenient “therapeutic alliance”?. Int J Nurs Stud. 1997;34(5):367–374
  7. Ray MD. Shared borders: achieving the goals of interdisciplinary patient care. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1998;55:1369–1374
  8. Dieleman Sherry L, Farris Karen B, Feeny David, Johnson Jeffrey A, Tsuyuki Ross T, Brilliant Sandra. Primary health care teams: team members' perceptions of the collaborative process. J Interprof Care. 2004;18(1):75–78
  9. Roberts Alison S, Benrimoj Shalom I, Chen Timothy F, Williams Kylie A, Aslani Parisa. Implementing cognitive services in community pharmacy: a review of facilitators of practice change. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2006;14:163–170
  10. Romanow, R., Commission of the future of health care in Canada. 2002.
  11. Fyke K. Sustaining a Quality System. Commission on Medicare, Regina, Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Health; 2001;
  12. Hassell Karen, Noyce Peter R, Rogers A, Wilkinson J. A pathway to the GP: the pharmaceutical “consultation” as a first port of call in primary health care. Fam Pract. 1997;14:498–502
  13. Hassell K, Rogers A, Noyce P. Community pharmacy as a primary health and self-care resource: a framework for understanding pharmacy utilization. Health Soc Care Community. 2000;8(1):40–49
  14. Gilbert L. The pharmacist's traditional and new roles—a study of community pharmacists in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Soc Adm Pharm. 1995;12(3):125–131
  15. Chandler Christine, Barriuso P, Rosenberg-Ben-Dror K, Schmitt B. Pharmacists on a primary care team at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54(11):1280–1287
  16. Williams SE, Bond CM, Menzies C. A pharmaceutical needs assessment in a primary care setting. Br J Gen Pract. 2000;50(2):95–99
  17. Heinemann Gloria D, Schmitt Madeline H, Farrell Michael P, Brallier Sara A. Development of an attitude toward health care teams scale. Eval Health Prof. 1999;22(1):123–142
  18. Minore B, Boone M. Realizing potential: improving interdisciplinary professional/paraprofessional health care teams in Canada's northern aboriginal communities through education. J Interprof Care. 2002;16(9):139–147
  19. Carline Jan, Curus J Randal, Wenrich Marjorie, Shannon Sarah, Ambrozy Donna, Ramsey Paul. Physicians' interactions with health care teams and systems in the care of dying patients: perspectives of dying patients, family members, and health care professionals. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25(1):19–28
  20. Farrell MP, Schmitt MH, Heinemann GD. Informal roles and the stages of interdisciplinary team development. J Interprof Care. 2001;15(3):281–295
  21. McCallin A. Interprofessional practice: learning how to collaborate. Contemp Nurse. 2005;20(1):28–37
  22. Gair G, Hartery T. Medical dominance in multidisciplinary teamwork: a case study of discharge decision-making in a geriatric assessment unit. J Nurs Manage. 2001;9:3–11
  23. Neto ACdA, Chen TF. When pharmacotherapeutic recommendations may lead to the reverse effect on physician decision-making. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30:3–8
  24. Coburn D, Torrance G, Kaufert J. Medical dominance in Canada in historical perspective: the rise and fall of medicine?. Int J Health Serv. 1983;13(3):407–432
  25. Adamson B, Kenny D, Wilson-Barnett J. The impact of perceived medical dominance on the workplace satisfaction of Australian and British nurses. J Adv Nurs. 1995;21:172–183
  26. Picard A. Only doctors may prescribe, CMA resolves: pharmacists, nurses angered by decision. Globe and Mail. August 22, 2007;Toronto
  27. Kondro W. Canada's doctors assail pharmacist prescribing. early release—subject to revision CMAJ. 2007;(177):558
  28. Howard Michelle, Trim Kristina, Woodward Christel, Dolovich Lisa, Sellors Connie, Kaczorowski Janusz, et al. Collaboration between community pharmacists and family physicians: lessons learned from the seniors medication assessment research trial. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2003;43(5):566–572
  29. Lambert B. Face and politeness in pharmacist-physician interaction. Soc Sci Med. 1996;43(8):1189–1198
  30. Edmunds J, Calnan M. The reprofessionalisation of community pharmacy? An exploration of attitudes to extend roles for community pharmacists amongst pharmacists and general practitioners in the United Kingdom. Soc Sci Med. 2001;53:943–955
  31. Roberts Alison S, Benrimoj Shalom I, Chen Timothy F, Williams Kylie A, Aslani Parisa. Practice change in community pharmacy: quantification of facilitators. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42:861–868
  32. Makaram S. Interprofessional cooperation. Med Educ. 1995;29(Supp 1):65–69
  33. Dobson Roy, Henry Carol, Taylor Jeffyr, Zello Gordon, Lachaine Jean, Forbes Dorothy, et al. Interprofessional health care teams: attitudes and environmental factors associated with participation by community pharmacists. J Interprof Care. 2006;20(2):119–132
  34. Costello JL, Trorowicz DL, Yeh TS. Effects of a pharmacist-led pediatrics medication safety team on medication-error reporting. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(July 1):1422–1426
  35. Zillich Alan J, McDonough Randall P, Carter Barry L, Doucette William R. Influential characteristics of physician/pharmacist collaborative relationships. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38:764–770
  36. Nkansah Nancy T, Brewer Jeffrey M, Connors Robert, Shermock Kenneth. Clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus receiving medication management by pharmacists in an urban private physician practice. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(Jan 15):145–149
  37. Sandhoff Brian G, Nies Leslie K, Olson Kari L, Nash James D, Rasmussen Jon R, Merenich John A. Clinical pharmacy cardiac risk service for managing patients with coronary artery disease in a health maintenance organization. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(Jan 1):77–84
  38. Joun H-S, Ensminger M. Childhood, adolescent, and young adult predictors of suicidal behaviours: a prospective study of African Americans. J Child Psychol. 1997;38(5):553–563
  39. Blau G. Testing the effect of level and importance of pay referents on pay level satisfaction. Hum Relations. 1994;47(10):1251–1268
  40. Kessler R, Magee W. Childhood family violence and adult recurrent depression. J Health Soc Behav. 1994;35(March):13–27
  41. Tambor ES, Chase GA, Faden RR, Geller G, Hofman KJ, Holtzman NA. Improving response rates through incentive and follow-up: the effect on a survey of physicians' knowledge of genetics. Am J Public Health. 1993;183:1599–1603
  42. Ransdell L. Maximizing response rate in questionnaire research. Am J Health Behav. 1996;20(2):50–56
  43. Albaum G, Evangelista F, Medina N. Role of response behavior theory in survey research: a cross national study. J Bus Res. 1998;42:115–125
  44. Lepnurm R. The objectives of paying doctors: views from Saskatchewan. J Ambul Care Manage. 1996;19(2):44–58
  45. Dobson R, Lepnurm R, Struening E. Developing a scale for measuring professional equity among Canadian physicians. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(2):263–266
  46. Lepnurm R, Dobson R, Backman A. If the pillars are shaky, does faith in Medicare crumble?. Healthcare Manage Forum. 2003;Spring Vol 16 (1), pp 11-16
  47. Cook G, Gerrish K, Clarke C. Decision-making in teams: issues arising from two UK evaluations. J Interprof Care. 2001;15(1):141–151
  48. White A, Shah R, Nathan A. Interdisciplinary working between community pharmacists and community nurses: the views of community pharmacists. J Interprof Care. 2005;19(2):164–170
  49. Roelofsen EE, Lankhorst G, Bouter L. Translation and adaptation of a questionnaire to assess the group processes of rehabilitation team conferences. Clin Rehabil. 2001;15:148–155
  50. Huffman M. Family physicians and the health care team. Can Fam Physician. 1993;39:2165–2170
  51. Stevenson Keith, Baker R, Farooqi A, Sorrie R, Khunti K. Features of primary care teams associated with successful quality improvement of diabetes care: a qualitative study. Fam Pract. 2001;18(1):21–26
  52. Ford S, Jones K. Integrating pharmacy fully into the primary care team. Br Med J. 1995;310(6995):1620–1621
  53. Blenkinsopp A, Panton R, Anderson C. Health Promotion for Pharmacists. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000;
  54. Maheux B. Primary care in Québec: a comparison between private practitioners and physicians working in public community health centers. Can J Public Health. 1990;81(1):27–31
  55. Farris Karen B, Kumbera P, Halterman T, Fang G. Outcomes-based pharmacist reimbursement: reimbursing pharmacists for cognitive services. J Manage Care Pharm. 2002;8(5):383–391
  56. Pearson GJ. Evolution in the practice of pharmacy—not a revolution. CMAJ. 2007;176(9):1295–1296
  57. Transparent Drug System for Patients Act. Ministry of Health and Long-term Care, Government of Ontario, Toronto, (2006).
  58. CPhA . Ontario Bill 102-A Preliminary Response from CPhA: “More Questions than Answers. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmacists Association; 2007;

PII: S1551-7411(08)00113-7

doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2008.11.002

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Volume 5, Issue 4 , Pages 327-336 , December 2009

Article Tools