Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 246-256 , September 2011

Pharmacist supplementary prescribing: A step toward more independence?

  • Dalia Dawoud, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
    • Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College, London, Division of Cancer Studies, Denmark Hill, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Denmark Hill, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, UK. Tel.: +44 20 7848 5636; fax: +44 20 7848 5517.
  • ,
  • Peter Griffiths, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • National Nursing Research Unit, King's College, London, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8WA, UK
  • ,
  • Jill Maben, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • National Nursing Research Unit, King's College, London, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8WA, UK
  • ,
  • Larry Goodyer, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
  • ,
  • Russell Greene, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Pharmacy Department, King's College, London, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK

References 

  1. Dean B, Schachter M, Vincent C, Barber N. Causes of prescribing errors in hospital inpatients: a prospective study. Lancet. 2002;359:1373–1378
  2. Campagna K. Pharmacists' levels of performance in making drug therapy decisions. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995;52:640–645
  3. Stimmel G, McGhan W. The pharmacist as prescriber of drug therapy: the USC pilot project. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1981;15:665–672
  4. Emmerton L, Marriott J, Bessell T, Nissen L, Dean L. Pharmacists and prescribing rights: review of international developments. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2005;8:217–225
  5. Department of Health . Improving Patients' Access to Medicines: A Guide to Implementing Nurse and Pharmacist Independent Prescribing Within the NHS in England. London, UK: HMSO; 2006;Available at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4133743Accessed 18.02.10
  6. Task Force on Pharmacist Prescribing . An information paper on pharmacist prescribing within a health care facility. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2002;55:91–97
  7. ACCP . Collaborative drug therapy management by pharmacists-2003. Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23:1210–1225
  8. Pharmacists Association of Alberta . Pharmacist Prescribing: An International Overview. Alberta, Canada: Alberta College of Pharmacists; 2003;
  9. Department of Health . Supplementary Prescribing by Nurses, Pharmacists, Chiropodists/Podiatrists, Physiotherapists and Radiographers Within the NHS in England. A Guide for Implementation. London, UK: HMSO; 2005;Available at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4110033.pdfAccessed 18.02.10
  10. Department of Health . Supplementary Prescribing by Nurses and Pharmacists Within the NHS in England a Guide for Implementation. London, UK: HMSO; 2003;Available at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4009717Accessed 18.02.10
  11. Avery A, Pringle M. Extended prescribing by UK nurses and pharmacists. Br Med J. 2005;331:1154–1155
  12. Collin A. Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary collaboration: implications for vocational psychology. Int J Educ Vocat Guidance. 2009;9:101–110
  13. Warchal S, Brown D, Tomlin M, Portlock J. Attitudes of successful candidates of supplementary prescribing courses to their training and their extended roles. Pharm J. 2006;276:348–352
  14. Cooper R, Anderson C, Avery T, et al. Stakeholders' views of UK nurse and pharmacist supplementary prescribing. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2008;13:215–221
  15. George J, Cleland J, Bond C, et al. Views of pharmacists and mentors on experiential learning for pharmacist supplementary prescribing trainees. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30:265–271
  16. Weiss M, Sutton J. The changing nature of prescribing: pharmacists as prescribers and challenges to medical dominance. Sociol Health Illn. 2009;31:406–421
  17. Stewart D, George J, Bond C, Diack L, McCaig D, Cunningham S. Views of pharmacist prescribers, doctors and patients on pharmacist prescribing implementation. Int J Pharm Pract. 2009;17:89–94
  18. Buckley P, Grime J, Blenkinsopp A. Inter- and intra-professional perspectives on non-medical prescribing in an NHS trust. Pharm J. 2006;277:394–398
  19. Tully M, Latif S, Cantrill J, Parker D. Pharmacists' changing views of their supplementary prescribing authority. Pharm World Sci. 2007;29:628–634
  20. Tann J, Blenkinsopp A, Evans A, Grime J. Beating the Bounds? The introduction of pharmacist supplementary prescribing in the UK National Health Service. Prometheus. 2008;26:125–139
  21. Lloyd F, Hughes C. Pharmacists' and mentors' views on the introduction of pharmacist supplementary prescribing: a qualitative evaluation of views and context. Int J Pharm Pract. 2007;15:31–37
  22. Bissell P, Cooper R, Guillaume L, et al. An Evaluation of Supplementary Prescribing in Nursing and Pharmacy. Sheffield, UK: The University of Sheffield; 2008;
  23. Cooper R, Anderson C, Avery T, et al. Nurse and pharmacist supplementary prescribing in the UK—a thematic review of the literature. Health Policy. 2008;85:277–292
  24. Smith F. Research Methods in Pharmacy Practice. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press; 2002;
  25. Ritchie J, Spencer L. Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In:  Burgess R,  Bryman A editor. Analyzing Qualitative Data. 1st ed.. London, UK: Routledge; 1994;p. 173–194
  26. George J, McCaig D, Bond C, et al. Supplementary prescribing: early experiences of pharmacists in Great Britain. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40:1843–1850
  27. Ritchie J, Lewis J, Elam G. Designing and selecting samples. In:  Ritchie J,  Lewis J editor. Qualitative Research Practice. A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. 1st ed.. London, UK: Sage Publications; 2003;p. 77–108
  28. Hall J, Cantrill J, Noyce P. Why don't trained community nurse prescribers prescribe?. J Clin Nurs. 2006;15:403–412
  29. Luker K, Austin L, Hogg C, et al. Evaluation of Nurse Prescribing: Final Report. Liverpool, UK: The University of Liverpool and the University of York; 1997;
  30. Nicholls J, Taylor B, Barnett N, et al. London Pharmacist Supplementary Prescribing Project 2003-6: Summary of Project Outputs and Reflection on Progress of Pharmacist Prescribing. London, UK: London Eastern and South East Specialist Pharmacy Services; 2006;
  31. McPake B, Kumaranayake L, Normand C. Health Economics: An International Perspective. London, UK: Routledge; 2002;
  32. Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed.. New York: Free Press; 2003;
  33. George J, Pfleger D, McCaig D, Bond C, Stewart D. Independent prescribing by pharmacists: a study of the awareness, views and attitudes of Scottish community pharmacists. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28:45–53
  34. Desikan R, Holiday-Goodman M, Siganga W, Lively B. Prescribing authority: an examination of Ohio pharmacists' opinions. Am Pharm. 1995;NS35:19–23
  35. British Medical Association . BMA calls for urgent meeting with Patricia Hewitt on plans to extend prescribing powers. [press release November 10, 2005]. Available at: http://web2.bma.org.uk/pressrel.nsf/wlu/STRE-6HZJ4X?OpenDocument&vw=wfmmsAccessed 18.02.10
  36. Blenkinsopp A, Tann J, Evans A, Grime J. Opportunity or threat? general practitioner perceptions of pharmacist prescribing. Int J Pharm Pract. 2008;16:29–34

PII: S1551-7411(10)00070-7

doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2010.05.002

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 246-256 , September 2011